International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research

Authors
Elenga Hygin Bellarmin, Leyinda Pascal Alain, Litoto Pambou Lucien, Fernandes Balou Gabin, Itoua Okemba Jean, Ndeko Gertrude

Abstract
This study attempts to show that democracies in Africa, especially those south of the Sahara, are trapped by political actors. Once in power, they rarely enforce and respect the rules of transparency, freedom of choice of the people during electoral consultations, yet dear to the exercise of the democratic game. Violence, in all its forms, which was at the heart of the struggles for power has changed shape. It has left the stage of indiscriminate and savage brutality for that more civilized of political trials for undermining the authority of the state of real or potential competitors. New paradigms for the preservation of power are being built that meet the current demands of societies whose violent crises have been characteristic of them in recent decades. Geographical entities, the instrumentalization of ethnic ities and, the supposed, unconscious contribution of the churches of the new Pentecostal obedience serve as a springboard on which the new strategies of the conservation of political power. The same is true of the army, gendarmerie, police and justice, which, in turn, accompany the authorities to strengthen its authority and increase its influence by recruiting the first three entities, often out of norms and, for the setting to music trials that are difficult to understand in terms of the law. These are, of course, the new modes of political causality that, like witchcraft, have influenced the behaviour of actors in power relations for some years (Missié, 2007). This is why, aware of the interest in these new approaches in the political game in Africa, Schartzberg (2000) believes that it is time for politicians to take these modes of political causality seriously, because as long as we will continue not to incorporate these different forms of causality into our studies, our theories of political behaviour will remain seriously incomplete. All these approaches, in essence, respond to the new strategies whose foundations are circumscribed by Crozier and Freiberg (1977), in the strategic analysis that codifies the power relations between competing actors. There is power to note Crozier, when an individual A is able to obtain from an individual B a behavior that the latter would not have had without the intervention of A.