This concept paper attempt to highlight and examine the main instruments of international humanitarian law. Factors that are influencing the violation of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) during a war-fare were also cited. The paper argues that the major causes of international humanitarian law breaches include nature of war, moral decadence cognitive dissonance and obeying orders. The paper proffered recommendations/strategies that may enhance compliance with international humanitarian law in the theatre of war. These include mandatory training in international humanitarian law, exemplary leadership of commanders and disciplinary measures.