The present research paper an attempts has been made to evaluate the adverse ecological impact of Indira Gandhi Canal Project in Western Rajasthan. As the Indira Gandhi Canal Project is a very typical and one of the most gigantic project in the World, aiming to de-desertify and transform desert wasteland into agriculturally productive area and maintaining the eco-system of the region. It has been constructed in the north- western and western part of the state Rajasthan, covering a part of the THAR DESERT districts i.e. Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, Churu, Bikaner, Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, and Barmer. The construction of 649 Km. long Main Canal and about 9000 Km. distribution system in such an inhospitable and hazardous area has been a very challenging task. The introduction of irrigation through Indira Gandhi Canal in sandy, barren and hot climatic land has caused if tremendous positive impact within a short duration, on the other hand it has led to adverse impact in the form of water logging, soil salinity, raising of ground water level, siltation of canal by sand, seepage of canal water, water Born diseases etc.