A fifth of the world's population lives in the Indian subcontinent. While today the region’s place in the global world order is widely recognized negatively due its multi diversified issues and ethnic problems. This paper offers an understanding of the part played by the nature of the political system its people in the making of the India popularize for its issues in communalism and integration. The rise of nationalism, the coming of independence and partition, the consolidation of new nation states despite regional wars and conflicts, and the emergence of India as the largest democracy in the world. This paper is a comprehensive and analytical opinion of the subcontinent's social and economic dimensions and its impact. The dynamic and complex relationships between changing forms of political power and religious identities, economic transformations and social and cultural.