The Indian Ocean Region (IOR), home to more than one-third of the global population and a critical artery for international trade and energy transportation, stands at the intersection of profound economic opportunity and complex security at sea challenges. This research explores the intricate interrelationship between the ocean-based economy and security at sea in the IOR, focusing particularly on the Republic of India’s strategic vision and regional leadership. The study underscores how sustainable exploitation of oceanic resources—such as fisheries, offshore hydrocarbons, marine tourism, and renewable energy—requires a secure and stable maritime environment.

By examining the Republic of India’s initiatives like SAGAR, Sagarmala, Deep Ocean Mission, and its growing role in regional platforms like IORA, QUAD, and IPOI, the paper highlights how the Republic of India is shaping a security architecture conducive to ocean-based economy growth. Key maritime threats including piracy, illegal fishing, trafficking, and geopolitical rivalries are analyzed, along with the Republic of India’s multi-layered response through maritime domain awareness, military maritime upgrades, regional capacity building, and ecological resilience.