The Gurukul system was an ancient Indian model of education prevalent during the Vedic period. It was based on the guru–shishya tradition, where students lived in residential ashrams with their teachers, receiving holistic education that combined intellectual, moral, physical, and spiritual development. Knowledge was imparted orally through recitation, debate, experiential learning, and personalized guidance. The curriculum included the Vedas, Upanishads, philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, medicine, warfare, arts, and practical life skills. The system fostered discipline, self-reliance, and strong teacher-student bonds. However, factors such as invasions, colonization, and modernization led to its decline.