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VOL. 12, ISSUE 1 (2026)
Chanakya’s mandala theory: An ancient realist framework for modern international relations
Authors
Srishti Negi
Abstract
This paper discusses the Mandala Theory by
Chanakya as mentioned in the Arthashastra, and its applicability in the modern
world of International Relations as an ancient realist theory. The theory is
credited to Chanakya (Kautilya), and it conceives interstate politics as a
circle of states where close neighbors are possible enemies, and more distant
state powers are natural allies. This paper counters that the fundamental ideas
of the Mandala Theory, which are power maximization, national interest,
strategic alliances, and primacy of security, are close to the way realists
think in the present. The paper reproduces a comparison between its principles
and current geopolitical practices, especially in the multipolar environment,
and this proves that this theory has an enduring analytical use. Simultaneously,
it recognizes the contextual constraints posed by dissimilarities amidst the
antique regional political entities as compared to the current international
system that is globalized. The paper finally discusses the Mandala Theory as
one of the important non-Western contributions to the IR theory and strategic
studies.
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Pages:227-231
How to cite this article:
Srishti Negi "Chanakya’s mandala theory: An ancient realist framework for modern international relations". International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, Vol 12, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 227-231
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