The idea of social justice is closely related to the role of the state in reducing inequality and supporting disadvantaged groups through welfare policies. The theory of justice developed by John Rawls provides an important framework for understanding how fairness can be achieved in society. Rawls’ concept of “justice as fairness” emphasises equal basic liberties for all citizens and argues that social and economic inequalities are acceptable only when they benefit the least advantaged members of society.

This paper examines the relevance of Rawls’ theory of justice in the context of social welfare schemes implemented by the Government of West Bengal. The study briefly explains key ideas of Rawls, such as the original position, the veil of ignorance, and the difference principle, and uses these concepts as a framework to analyse selected welfare programmes of the West Bengal government.

The paper discusses major welfare schemes such as Lakshmir Bhandar, Kanyashree Prakalpa, Krishak Bandhu, and the recently introduced Banglar Yuva Sathi scheme. These programmes aim to provide financial assistance, social security, and better opportunities to vulnerable groups, including women, farmers, and unemployed youth.