This article examines artistic dialogue as a key means of stylistic expressiveness based on French literature of the 19th–20th centuries. It analyzes its structural, functional, and pragmatic features, as well as its role in shaping literary characters, constructing narrative dynamics, and developing the plot. Particular attention is paid to the expressive potential of dialogue, including its ability to convey emotional states, reveal implicit meanings, and create a sense of realism and immediacy in the text. Special focus is given to dialogues in the works of Honoré de Balzac, Gustave Flaubert, and Albert Camus, whose writings demonstrate diverse stylistic uses of dialogue—from social characterization to psychological depth and philosophical reflection. The study also considers dialogue from a cognitive and discourse-oriented perspective, emphasizing its role in representing characters’ inner worlds and communicative intentions. The article concludes that dialogue in a literary text is a complex and multifunctional stylistic tool that combines realism with authorial conceptualization and plays a central role in the overall organization of the художественного discourse.