Indian classical literature embodies a profound ecological worldview that integrates nature, ethics, and spirituality. Texts such as the Rigveda, Upanishads, Ramayana, and Mahabharata encode ecological ethics through hymns, metaphysical teachings, and narrative storytelling. Rivers are revered as mothers, forests as sanctuaries of truth, and cosmic unity as the foundation of ecological responsibility. This study examines these motifs to demonstrate that sustainability was not an external concern but an intrinsic part of cultural and spiritual life. Through thematic and comparative analysis, the research situates Indian ecological thought alongside Western environmental philosophies, including Aldo Leopold’s “Land Ethic” (Leopold 1949) and Arne Naess’s “Deep Ecology” (Naess, 1972). The findings reveal convergences in the recognition of interconnectedness and divergences in conceptual frameworks, with Indian texts embedding ecological ethics within metaphysical unity and narrative tradition. Ultimately, the study argues that Indian classical literature is not merely cultural heritage but a living source of ecological wisdom, offering ethical frameworks that can inspire sustainable living in the twenty-first century.