This article investigates the transformative role
of Hindi-language journalism during a pivotal and turbulent time in Indian
nationalism, covering the fifteen years from the Partition of Bengal in 1905 to
the launch of the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920. It posits that Hindi
journalism underwent a significant evolution during this period, moving from
the cautious constitutionalism characteristic of the Congress's moderate
tradition to a more assertive, mass-oriented, and culturally rooted approach to
nationalism. This shift not only anticipated but also facilitated the Gandhian
turn in Indian politics. The article tracks this transformation through a
detailed examination of key publications, influential editorial figures, and
significant political events, including the Swadeshi agitation of 1905-08, the
Lucknow Pact of 1916, the Rowlatt Act agitation of 1919, and the Jallianwala
Bagh massacre. It analyses the rhetorical and ideological strategies employed
by Hindi journalism, including religious nationalism, economic critique,
swadeshi (self-reliance) mobilisation, and the politics of memory and
martyrdom.
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