The problem of providing affordable and safe housing is an important issue in the development process of India. In order to tackle this challenge, the Government of India announced the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana in 2015 with the objective of securing “Housing for All” by means of two distinct components, namely the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana Gramin (rural component) and Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana Urban (urban component). Eastern Uttar Pradesh is an important region in India, given its high population and socioeconomic diversity. The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative assessment of the scheme of housing in selected rural and urban communities of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. The research includes collection of primary data along with secondary data collected from the government portals and reports. Indicators examined in the research include beneficiary identification, rate of construction, efficiency of fund allocation, and general satisfaction among the recipients of the scheme after moving into new houses. The findings tell that the rural component of the scheme has generally achieved better results, particularly in completion rates and community engagement, largely due to its use of local governance structures such as the Gram Sabha. In contrast, the urban component continues to face challenges including land ownership issues, administrative delays, and coordination problems among implementing bodies. The study highlights the need for policy approaches that are sensitive to the specific conditions of rural and urban areas, with a focus on transparency, efficient targeting, and integration with other social welfare programs. It concludes that housing is not just about physical structures but about creating lasting foundations for dignity, security, and upward mobility.