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VOL. 12, ISSUE 3 (2026)
Expansion of PHP plantations in the Njombe-Penja council: An window open to land disputes and territorial conflicts
Authors
Ndzana Essengué Yvette, Molemba Ottok Alix Marcel, Défo Louis, Ngoumgang Ntang Martial, Seumo Saint-Clair, Nguedia Djougho Charnel
Abstract
The municipality of Njombé-Penja has
experienced a mixed local land policy since the establishment of large-scale
agro-industrial enterprises such as PHP. The implementation of PHP's activities
since the 1970s has given rise to a wide range of land-related issues,
resulting in numerous land problems observed around the boundaries of these
plantations. The availability and accessibility of land, owing to its fertility
and the favorable geographical and environmental conditions prevailing in the
physical environment of the Njombé-Penja municipality, provide opportunities
for PHP to expand its plantations over large areas of land, thereby fueling
land and territorial conflicts. This study examines the nature of the land and
territorial conflicts observed in relation to the expansion of PHP plantations
in the Njombé-Penja municipality. The hypothesis tested in this study suggests
that the expansion of PHP plantations has contributed to the emergence and
intensification of land and territorial conflicts in the Njombé-Penja
municipality. This research was conducted using a geographical research
methodology based on the hypothetico-deductive and systemic approaches, field
observation, documentary research, data analysis, and interpretation. The
qualitative data used in the study were collected through in situ observations,
as well as structured and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were
obtained through stratified sampling in order to gain a better understanding
and analysis of the issue under investigation. The results show that the
expansion of PHP plantations has had adverse effects on the Njombé-Penja
municipality, as it has contributed to dividing families rather than promoting
the development of the municipality, in view of the various land-related issues
and conflicts that have emerged since the establishment and expansion of the
plantations.
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Pages:305-316
How to cite this article:
Ndzana Essengué Yvette, Molemba Ottok Alix Marcel, Défo Louis, Ngoumgang Ntang Martial, Seumo Saint-Clair, Nguedia Djougho Charnel "Expansion of PHP plantations in the Njombe-Penja council: An window open to land disputes and territorial conflicts". International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, Vol 12, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 305-316
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